The New Humanist has a great interview with Economist journalists John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, authors of a new book: God Is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith Is Changing the World, which seeks to question, dare I say “debunk,” the secularization thesis, the theory that as societies become more educated, they become less religious.  In other words, religion is for the ignorant masses. The authors argue that America demonstrates that greater civic freedom and welfare is achieved it in a society in which religion is encouraged by way of its separation from the state:

Wooldridge took up the question of what we can learn from American religious pluralism: “European secularists assume that the church is on the side of the ancien régime, of the establishment, that it’s against reason and democracy and liberal emancipation, and there is a lot of evidence for that in Europe. But in America the evangelical movement advanced alongside democracy and liberal enlightened values. They were not oppositional forces but comrades in arms. If you give people more freedom and more democracy they will talk about what they want to talk about and obviously for many people that is God. Religion itself has also been important for advancing democracy – it’s an example of the little platoons of civil society. Churches nurture certain civic values, that’s why the Chinese government, and all totalitarian governments, have been very suspicious of them and have tried to crush them.”

And later:

But wasn’t there some traditional Economist bias against the welfare state here? Weren’t the churches in the US merely compensating for the fact that US welfare is so threadbare? Wouldn’t it be preferable if such care was provided by the state and not delivered in the context of faith? Wooldridge, the atheist, was having none of that. “Care is actually better if it is provided in a faith context. If you look at social services you have to fill in forms, people are antagonistic or they do it because they have to, whereas if you go to church for help you know you are talking to another human being who actually cares. Its not just in the US – the same is true in China or Russia and part of the Middle East. If you look around the world you have weak welfare states that don’t provide, and it is unlikely that they will provide in the future. Most people who become welfare-dependent do so because of lack of skills, lack of opportunities, but also because of a lack of self-worth or a lack of a sense of meaning or purpose. These are things that religion is very good at, that bureaucratic welfare systems can’t do. So yes, I think they are a good in themselves.”

Though the tone at times tends toward the celebratory, the authors recognize the catastrophic damage religion can do too. “We disagree with European secularists in the idea that God is dead or unimportant, or that modernity and religion are incompatible,” says Wooldridge. “Where we strongly agree with them is with the idea that religion can be dangerous, and we think that this happens when you get a fusion between political power and religion”. And they think they’ve found the solution. “The lesson other countries should learn from America,” Wooldridge continues, “is that the separation between church and state is the basis for a flourishing civil society.”

I would have liked the article to clarify what is meant by a “separation between church and state?”   Does this mean simply disestablishment?  Or does it mean the removal of views considered to be faith-influenced from the realm of the “public”?

Photo: University of Virginia by neotint